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Diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis: analysis of 20 consecutive patients.

Xiaowen Hu¹, Eunhee Suh Yi², Jay Hoon Ryu²

¹Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China. Division of Respiratory Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.

Jornal Brasileiro De Pneumologia : Publicacao Oficial Da Sociedade Brasileira De Pneumologia E Tisilogia

|May 15, 2015

Summary

Diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis (DAB) is a lung disorder caused by recurrent aspiration. Young to middle-aged adults with risk factors like GERD or dysphagia and a history of pneumonia are susceptible. Characteristic CT scan findings aid diagnosis.

Keywords:

Bronchiolitis Gastroesophageal reflux Lung diseases, interstitial Pneumonia, aspiration

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Published on: January 21, 2018

Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Radiology
Pathology

Background:

Aspiration can lead to various pulmonary syndromes, some poorly understood.
Diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis (DAB) is a bronchiolocentric disorder resulting from recurrent aspiration.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess demographic, clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis (DAB).
To identify risk factors and characteristic findings associated with DAB.

Main Methods:

Retrospective study of 20 consecutive patients diagnosed with DAB.
Diagnosis confirmed via lung biopsy or clinical/radiological findings with videofluoroscopic swallow study.
Analysis of patient demographics, clinical presentation, and chest CT findings.

Main Results:

Median age was 56.5 years; male/female ratio 2.3:1.0.
Predisposing factors (GERD, drug abuse, dysphagia) present in 95% of patients.
Common symptoms: cough, sputum, dyspnea, fever; 60% had recurrent pneumonia.
Chest CT showed bilateral infiltrates (micronodules, tree-in-bud opacities).
Interventions targeting aspiration prevention improved symptoms.

Conclusions:

Young to middle-aged individuals with risk factors for aspiration and recurrent pneumonia history are at higher risk for DAB.
Characteristic chest CT findings can help diagnose DAB, even if not widely recognized.