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Related Concept Videos

Quantifying Heat02:46

Quantifying Heat

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Thermal Energy Microscopically, thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”, which depends on the amount of thermal energy. When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE) (or higher thermal energy), and the object is perceived as “hot”, or it is described as being at a higher temperature. When the...
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Specific Heat01:16

Specific Heat

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The specific heat capacity of a substance refers to the energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of that substance by one degree Celcius. Specific heat capacity is often represented in calories (cal), grams (g), and degrees Celsius (oC), but can also be expressed in joules (J), kilograms (kg), and Kelvin (K), among other units.
For example, increasing the temperature of one gram of water by 1°C requires one calorie of heat energy and can be written as 1 cal/g-°C, or...
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Heat Flow and Specific Heat01:12

Heat Flow and Specific Heat

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Heat is a type of energy transfer that is caused by a temperature difference, and it can change the temperature of an object. Since heat is a form of energy, its SI unit is the joule (J). Another common unit of energy often used for heat is the calorie (cal), which is defined as the energy needed to change the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 °C, specifically between 14.5 °C and 15.5 °C, since the energy needed shows a slight temperature dependence. Another commonly used unit is...
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Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

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When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
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Heat Engines01:10

Heat Engines

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A heat engine is a device used to extract heat from a source and then convert it into mechanical work used for various applications. For example, a steam engine on an old-style train can produce the work needed for driving the train.
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Heat and Free Expansion01:24

Heat and Free Expansion

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The work done by a thermodynamic system depends not only on the initial and final states but also on the intermediate states—that is, on the path. Like work, when heat is added to a thermodynamic system, it undergoes a change of state, and the state attained depends on the path from the initial state to the final state. Consider an ideal gas cylinder fitted with a piston. When the cylinder is heated at a constant temperature, the gas molecules absorb energy and expand slowly in a...
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Echocardiography Recording in Awake Miniature Pigs
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When pigs fly, UCP1 makes heat.

Martin Jastroch1, Leif Andersson2

  • 1Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Parkring 13, 85748 Garching, Germany.

Molecular Metabolism
|May 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pigs may offer insights into human metabolism and obesity treatment. However, evidence for UCP1 in pigs is inconclusive, suggesting leptin

Keywords:
BATBeigeBriteSus scrofaThermogenesisUncoupling protein

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic research
  • Comparative physiology
  • Obesity and diabetes research

Background:

  • Brown and beige adipose tissue dissipate energy as heat via UCP1, offering therapeutic targets for obesity and diabetes.
  • Pigs are a relevant model for human metabolism, outperforming mice in parameters like obesity-induced hyperglycemia and energy metabolism.
  • Leptin's role in inducing energy expenditure and body temperature in pigs has been recently reported, with proposed mediation by UCP1.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically examine the evidence for UCP1 presence in pigs.
  • To evaluate the translational potential of pigs as a model for human metabolic diseases.
  • To explore leptin's role in energy expenditure in pigs, independent of UCP1.

Main Methods:

  • Critical review of existing scientific literature on UCP1 in pigs.
  • Comparative analysis of metabolic parameters between pigs and humans.
  • Assessment of methodological limitations in previous studies.

Main Results:

  • Methodological shortcomings prevent an unequivocal claim for UCP1 presence in pigs.
  • Leptin's effects on energy expenditure in pigs may be significant, even without substantial UCP1 activity.
  • Adult and obese humans have only minor amounts of UCP1.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of UCP1 in pigs remains uncertain due to methodological issues.
  • Leptin's impact on pig energy expenditure could be highly relevant for human medicine, particularly given low UCP1 levels in humans.
  • Comparative studies with humans are crucial for validating new animal models in metabolic research.