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Acute myeloid leukemia in infants: biology and treatment
Riccardo Masetti1, Francesca Vendemini1, Daniele Zama1
1Hematology-Oncology Unit "Lalla Seràgnoli", Department of Pediatrics, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy.
Insights
Infants with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have unique traits and risks. Recent treatment advances have significantly improved outcomes for these young children, matching those of older age groups.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology
- Childhood Cancer Research
- Leukemia Biology
Background:
- Infants (0-2 years) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represent a distinct patient subgroup.
- This group often exhibits unfavorable prognostic factors and heightened susceptibility to treatment toxicity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the unique clinical and biological characteristics of infants with AML.
- To summarize treatment outcomes and toxicity data for this specific age group.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical presentation and disease biology in infant AML.
- Analysis of treatment results and toxicity from major collaborative groups.
Main Results:
- Infants with AML present with specific biological and clinical features.
- Treatment outcomes for infants have markedly improved, approaching those of older children.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the peculiarities of infant AML is crucial for optimizing care.
- Therapeutic strategies have successfully mitigated risks, leading to better prognoses for young children with AML.
Abstract:
Children aged 0-2 years (i.e., infants) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are a peculiar subgroup of patients in the childhood AML scenario. They present with distinctive biological and clinical characteristics, including a high prevalence of prognostically unfavorable risk factors and an increased susceptibility to therapy-related toxicity. Remarkable improvements have been achieved over the last two decades in the treatment of these patients and their outcome is becoming superimposable to that of the older age groups. In this review, we will focus on peculiarities of this young subgroup of children with AML, describing their clinical presentation, the biology of disease, and factors influencing outcome. Treatment results and toxicity data reported by major collaborative groups are also summarized and compared.
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