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Skin Cancer01:30

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
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Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
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Anthelminthic Agents01:15

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Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
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The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
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Prurigo nodularis: Picking the right treatment.

Michael Saco1, George Cohen

  • 1Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.

The Journal of Family Practice
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PubMed
Summary

For localized nodules, topical treatments are usually the first choice. However, specific findings may require exploring alternative or additional therapeutic options for better outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Localized nodules can present a therapeutic challenge.
  • Initial management often involves topical treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline treatment strategies for localized nodules.
  • To identify criteria for escalating or altering therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical guidelines and evidence.
  • Analysis of patient cases with specific nodule characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Topical therapy is the recommended first-line treatment for most localized nodules.
  • Certain clinical or pathological findings may predict poor response to initial treatment.

Conclusions:

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  • While topical treatments are standard, a subset of patients may require advanced therapeutic approaches.
  • Careful evaluation of nodule characteristics is crucial for guiding treatment decisions.