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Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

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The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
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Theory of Strong Electrolytes01:23

Theory of Strong Electrolytes

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The interionic forces of the strong electrolytes depend on the solvent's dielectric constant, which is the ability of a solvent to store electrical energy, based on its polarizability. and the solution's concentration. In high-dielectric solvents and in dilute solutions, weak electrostatic forces keep ions apart. However, in low-dielectric solvents or concentrated solutions, stronger interionic forces may cause ions to pair up as ionic doublets despite being fully ionized. The theory of strong...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

21.4K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Thermal and structural properties of ionic fluids.

Hendrik Bartsch1, Oliver Dannenmann1, Markus Bier1

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany and Institut für Theoretische Physik IV, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|May 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The range of electrostatic interactions in ionic fluids is less critical than valency dependence for their phase behavior and structure. Short-ranged potentials, when smoothed, replicate the effects of long-ranged ones.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Ionic fluids exhibit characteristic phase behavior and structure due to electrostatic interactions.
  • The long-range nature of electrostatic potential is often considered dominant over shorter-range interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of interaction range on ionic fluid phase behavior and structure.
  • Compare long-ranged electrostatic potentials with various short-ranged potentials.

Main Methods:

  • Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations.
  • Lattice Restricted Primitive Model (LRPM).
  • Analysis of sharply and smoothly cutoff electrostatic potentials.

Main Results:

  • Sharply cutoff potentials show strong dependence on cutoff radius.
  • Short-ranged LRPMs with smooth cutoffs replicate long-ranged LRPM behavior.
  • Stillinger-Lovett perfect screening property is maintained with smooth cutoffs.

Conclusions:

  • Ionic fluid phase behavior and structure are achievable with short-ranged potentials.
  • Valency dependence, not long range, is the decisive property of electrostatic potential in ionic fluids.