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Updated: Apr 12, 2026
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Functional Neuroimaging Using Ultrasonic Blood-brain Barrier Disruption and Manganese-enhanced MRI
Published on: July 12, 2012
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Manganese Is Essential for Neuronal Health
Kyle J Horning1, Samuel W Caito, K Grace Tipps
1Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232; email: kyle.j.horning@vanderbilt.edu , k.grace.tipps@vanderbilt.edu , aaron.bowman@vanderbilt.edu.
Annual Review of Nutrition
|May 15, 2015
Summary
Manganese (Mn) is essential but toxic in excess. This review explores Mn biology, cellular regulation, and its role in neurological diseases like Parkinson's and Huntington's.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Neuroscience
- Toxicology
Background:
- Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient vital for numerous enzymatic functions.
- Excessive Mn levels are toxic, necessitating precise intracellular regulation.
- Cellular homeostatic mechanisms for Mn remain largely unidentified.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of manganese biology, focusing on cellular regulation.
- To explore the role of manganese in neurological diseases, including Parkinson's and Huntington's disease.
- To discuss Mn exposure, transport, and cellular handling.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of manganese absorption, transport, and cellular mechanisms.
- Analysis of Mn's role in enzymatic activity and cellular homeostasis.
- Examination of Mn-dependent pathways in neurodegenerative disease models.
Main Results:
- Mn is absorbed and transported via regulated pathways at the gut and blood-brain barrier.
- Cellular uptake, efflux, and subcellular storage mechanisms are discussed.
- Growing evidence links Mn dysregulation to Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases.
Conclusions:
- Understanding Mn cellular regulation is critical due to its essential and toxic properties.
- Further research is needed to elucidate Mn homeostatic mechanisms.
- Investigating Mn's role in neurological disorders is a key area for future research.
Keywords:
blood-brain barriercofactorhomeostasisintracellular traffickingmetal transportneurodevelopmentMore Related Videos
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