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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Imagine adding a small amount of sugar to a glass of water, stirring until all the sugar has dissolved, and then adding a bit more. You can repeat this process until the sugar concentration of the solution reaches its natural limit, a limit determined primarily by the relative strengths of the solute-solute, solute-solvent, and solvent-solvent attractive forces. You can be certain that you have reached this limit because, no matter how long you stir the solution, undissolved sugar remains. The...
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Improving the Success Rate of Protein Crystallization by Random Microseed Matrix Screening
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Crystallization seeds favour crystallization only during initial growth.

E Allahyarov1,2, K Sandomirski3, S U Egelhaaf3

  • 1Institute for Theoretical Physics II: Soft Matter, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.

Nature Communications
|May 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heterogeneously seeded crystallization initially grows on seeds but then detaches. These detached crystallites relax, with seeds acting as impurities that hinder further crystal growth.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Crystallization is a fundamental disorder-order transition.
  • Real-world crystallization often involves heterogeneous seeding due to container walls or impurities.
  • Incompatible seeds can introduce elastic distortions, hindering crystal growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of heterogeneous crystallization with incompatible seeds.
  • To quantitatively control and visualize elastic distortions during crystal growth.
  • To develop a theoretical model for observed crystallization behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a colloidal model system for controlled experiments.
  • Employing confocal microscopy for single-particle resolution visualization.
  • Conducting computer simulations to determine intermediate structures.

Main Results:

  • Crystallites initially grow on the seed, incorporating induced distortions.
  • Upon reaching a critical size, crystallites detach from the seed.
  • Detached crystallites relax and continue growth, but the seed impedes further crystallization nearby.

Conclusions:

  • Heterogeneous seeds initially facilitate crystallization but subsequently act as impurities.
  • Elastic distortions play a crucial role in the detachment and growth dynamics.
  • The study provides a detailed mechanism for growth inhibition by incompatible seeds.