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Immune response changes with blood pump use in calves.

G L Burns1, D B Olsen

  • 1Artificial Heart Research Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84103-1414.

ASAIO Transactions
|July 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Total artificial heart (TAH) implantation transiently impacts calf immune function, decreasing neutrophils and altering inflammatory responses. These findings are crucial for understanding TAH-related infection risks in long-term device implantation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Immunology
  • Veterinary Science

Background:

  • Device-related bacterial infections impede long-term total artificial heart (TAH) implantation.
  • Calf models exhibit similar infection profiles and timelines to human TAH recipients.
  • Understanding the immunological consequences of TAH implantation is critical for mitigating infection risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and TAH implantation on the immunologic function in calves.
  • To assess changes in white blood cell counts, neutrophil function, and serum immunoglobulin levels post-procedure.

Main Methods:

  • Two groups of Holstein steer calves were studied: CPB only (n=4) and CPB with TAH implantation (n=7).
  • Immunologic parameters including total white blood cell count, hematocrit, neutrophil counts, neutrophil chemotaxis, hydrogen peroxide production, and serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM, IgA) were monitored over a 1-month period.

Main Results:

  • Both procedures caused transient increases in white blood cell counts and decreases in hematocrit.
  • Neutrophil counts declined in the TAH group, while neutrophil chemotaxis and hydrogen peroxide production showed transient increases post-procedure.
  • Elevated hydrogen peroxide levels persisted in TAH animals from day 14 onwards; serum immunoglobulin levels remained largely unchanged in the TAH group.

Conclusions:

  • TAH implantation in calves induces significant, albeit transient, alterations in innate immune function, particularly affecting neutrophils and inflammatory mediator production.
  • These immunological changes may contribute to the increased susceptibility to device-related infections observed with TAH use.
  • Further research is warranted to explore strategies for enhancing immune defense in TAH recipients to improve long-term outcomes.

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