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Related Concept Videos

Explicit Memories01:27

Explicit Memories

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Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
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Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
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Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

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Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
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Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

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Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
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Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
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The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
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Declarative memory.

Wim J Riedel1, Arjan Blokland

  • 1Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands, w.riedel@maastrichtuniversity.nl.

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|May 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nutritional supplements like polyunsaturated fatty acids may improve declarative memory, especially in older adults. Cognitive tests for memory are crucial for evaluating cognition-enhancing substances and their effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuropharmacology
  • Nutritional Neuroscience

Background:

  • Declarative memory encompasses episodic and semantic memory.
  • Cognitive tests for declarative memory are vital for assessing cognition-enhancing substances.
  • Previous research has explored various interventions, including nutrients and pharmaceuticals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for testing declarative memory.
  • To analyze the effects of medicinal drugs and nutrients on declarative memory.
  • To discuss the utility of episodic memory tests in human and animal research.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 34 human studies published in the last 10 years.
  • Analysis of cognitive performance tests for verbal learning, logical memory, and paired associates learning.
  • Inclusion of animal research data on drug effects on memory performance.

Main Results:

  • Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation shows mixed positive effects on declarative memory, particularly in the elderly.
  • Anti-Alzheimer drugs (cholinesterase inhibitors) yield variable effects in mild cognitive impairment.
  • Dopamine stimulation in healthy volunteers enhances memory consolidation, especially delayed recall.

Conclusions:

  • Episodic memory tests show poor translational value between animal and human studies.
  • Tailored adaptations of memory tests are recommended over standardized 'off-the-shelf' versions.
  • Further research is needed to optimize cognitive enhancement strategies.