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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

8.7K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
6.1K
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

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Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
353
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology01:25

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology

1.9K
Multiple disease states can significantly influence the oral drug absorption process by affecting blood flow and the functionality of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Various GI diseases, including conditions that alter GI motility, such as diarrhea, decreased acid secretions (achlorhydria), and infections, have been associated with reduced drug absorption.
Substances such as alcohol and specific drugs, including antineoplastics, can also negatively impact drug absorption. For instance,...
1.9K
Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Patient-Related Factors01:29

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Patient-Related Factors

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Protein-drug binding, a pivotal aspect of pharmacokinetics, is subject to considerable variability influenced by an array of patient-related factors. The intricate interplay of age, individual differences, and pathological conditions significantly impact the binding dynamics and subsequent pharmacological effects.
Age stands as a key determinant in protein-drug binding. Neonates, characterized by low albumin content, experience heightened concentrations of unbound drugs such as phenytoin and...
441

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Related Experiment Video

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Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
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Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

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The factors affecting bone density in cirrhosis.

Asghar Hajiabbasi1, Afshin Shafaghi2, Haniyeh Sadat Fayazi3

  • 1Guilan Rheumatology Research Center, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IR Iran.

Hepatitis Monthly
|May 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Bone loss is highly prevalent in cirrhosis patients, with 78.4% showing abnormal bone density. Lower vitamin D, advanced disease, and poor kidney function increase this risk.

Keywords:
Bone DensityLiver CirrhosisOsteoporosis

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Area of Science:

  • Bone Metabolism and Osteoporosis Research
  • Hepatology and Liver Disease Studies
  • Clinical Densitometry and Diagnostics

Background:

  • Bone loss, including osteopenia and osteoporosis, is a frequent complication in cirrhosis.
  • Previous reports show varied prevalence rates, suggesting a need for further investigation.
  • Pathological mechanisms may involve reduced bone formation and/or increased bone resorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of bone loss at different anatomical sites in cirrhosis patients.
  • To identify key factors associated with bone loss in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 97 cirrhosis patients diagnosed via biopsy or clinical findings.
  • Bone mineral densitometry (DEXA) performed on lumbar spine (L2-L4) and femoral neck.
  • Statistical analysis using SPSS 18, with P < 0.05 considered significant.

Main Results:

  • 78.4% of patients exhibited abnormal DEXA results (45.4% osteopenia, 33% osteoporosis).
  • Body Mass Index (BMI) and Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFRc) positively correlated with bone density T-scores; Child score negatively correlated.
  • Multivariate analysis identified lower vitamin D, higher Child score, and reduced GFRc as predictors of abnormal bone density.

Conclusions:

  • Abnormal bone density is highly prevalent in cirrhosis.
  • Risk factors include low vitamin D levels, advanced liver disease (Child score), and impaired renal function (GFRc).
  • These findings highlight the importance of assessing bone health in cirrhosis management.