Related Experiment Videos

Antibiotic susceptibility of Acinetobacter species in intensive care unit in Montenegro

Gordana Mijovic1, Ljubica Pejakov2, Danijela Vujosevic1

  • 1a Institute of Public Health , Podgorica , Montenegro.

Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)
|May 17, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter strains pose significant treatment challenges in intensive care units (ICUs). This study found high rates of resistance and clonal spread among Acinetobacter isolates in Montenegro, with tigecycline showing the most activity.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

  • Increasing multidrug resistance (MDR) in Acinetobacter species presents a critical global health challenge, particularly impacting patients in intensive care units (ICUs).
  • Effective treatment strategies are hampered by the limited antimicrobial options available against resistant Acinetobacter strains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Acinetobacter species within the ICU of the Clinical Centre of Montenegro.
  • To investigate the epidemiology and clonal dissemination of Acinetobacter isolates in this healthcare setting.

Main Methods:

  • Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on 70 Acinetobacter isolates from 40 patients.
  • Genotyping of nine isolates was conducted using repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) to assess clonal relatedness.

Main Results:

  • All Acinetobacter isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, with complete resistance to cefalosporins, piperacillin, and piperacillin/tazobactam.
  • Tigecycline demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity, with 80.6% susceptibility. Over half of the isolates (58.5%) were classified as probably extensively drug-resistant (P-EDR).
  • Repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) revealed that seven of the nine examined strains were clonally related, indicating potential clonal spread.

Conclusions:

  • Acinetobacter isolates in the Clinical Centre of Montenegro display an alarmingly high rate of multidrug resistance and P-EDR.
  • The findings highlight the significant clonal spread of Acinetobacter within the ICU, underscoring the need for enhanced infection control measures.
  • Tigecycline remains a crucial therapeutic option, but the high resistance rates necessitate continuous surveillance and the development of novel antimicrobial strategies.
Keywords:
AcinetobacterIntensive care unitMultidrug resistance

Related Concept Videos

Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
2.1K
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within...
54
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
727
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and...
132
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

Overview
62.2K
Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
2.4K