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Related Concept Videos

Transcription01:10

Transcription

160.4K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
160.4K
Responses to Salt Stress02:02

Responses to Salt Stress

15.1K
Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.
15.1K
Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

15.8K
Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
15.8K
Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

8.8K
The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...
8.8K
Diversity of Archaea III01:27

Diversity of Archaea III

444
Crenarchaeota, a prominent phylum of Archaea, is remarkable for its ability to thrive in extreme environments characterized by high temperatures and acidity. These microorganisms inhabit sulfuric hot springs, volcanic systems, and submarine hydrothermal vents, where temperatures often exceed 100°C. The unique adaptations of Crenarchaeota not only allow survival under such extreme conditions but also provide insights into the mechanisms of life in primordial Earth-like...
444
Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

29.0K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
29.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Physiological Characterization of the Coral Holobiont Using a New Micro-Respirometry Tool
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Rapid Acclimation Ability Mediated by Transcriptome Changes in Reef-Building Corals.

Rachael A Bay1, Stephen R Palumbi2

  • 1Department of Biology, Stanford University rbay@stanford.edu.

Genome Biology and Evolution
|May 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Coral reefs can rapidly acclimate to warming oceans within 7 days, increasing heat resilience. This acclimation alters gene expression during heat stress, offering protection against rising temperatures.

Keywords:
acclimationclimate changecoralthermal tolerancetranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Coral reef ecology
  • Climate change adaptation

Background:

  • Coral populations face environmental variation, requiring adaptation or acclimation.
  • Acclimation offers a faster response for long-lived organisms but depends on matching environmental dynamics.
  • Ocean warming causes heat stress, leading to coral bleaching and mortality, with short-term acclimation poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate short-term acclimation in corals during simulated heat stress.
  • To understand transcriptome regulation during rapid acclimation.
  • To assess how different temperature regimes affect coral heat tolerance and gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Experimentally acclimated the coral Acropora nana to three temperature regimes over 11 days: ambient (29 °C), stable high (31 °C), and variable (29-33 °C).
  • Assessed tolerance to acute heat stress after the acclimation period.
  • Analyzed transcriptome-wide gene expression changes in response to heat stress across different acclimation treatments.

Main Results:

  • Corals acclimated to increased temperatures (31 °C or 29-33 °C) showed enhanced tolerance to acute heat stress within 7-11 days.
  • No significant gene expression changes were observed during acclimation prior to acute heat stress.
  • Heat stress elicited distinct transcriptional responses between acclimation groups, with higher-temperature acclimated corals exhibiting a muted stress response.

Conclusions:

  • Corals possess a rapid acclimation phase (within 7 days) that significantly boosts heat resilience.
  • This rapid acclimation modifies the coral's transcriptional response to subsequent heat stress.
  • Such swift acclimation mechanisms may offer crucial protection against gradual ocean warming for coral species.