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Related Concept Videos

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

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Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
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The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
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Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
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Global Regulatory Systems

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Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
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In Vivo Programmed Gene Expression Based on Artificial Quorum Networks.

Teng Chu1, Yajun Huang1, Mingyu Hou1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
|May 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers engineered a novel quorum sensing (QS) system, termed araQS, for precise, cell density-dependent gene expression in bacteria. This system shows promise for applications like bacterial vector vaccines, enabling programmed in vivo protein production.

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Biology
  • Microbiology
  • Genetic Engineering

Background:

  • Quorum sensing (QS) systems regulate gene expression based on population density.
  • QS systems are valuable tools in synthetic biology for controlling gene circuits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer an efficient cell density-controlled expression system (QS) using the Vibrio fischeri luxI-luxR system.
  • To construct a synthetic binary regulation circuit (araQS) for in vivo programmed gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered the Vibrio fischeri luxI-luxR quorum sensing system.
  • Assembled genetic components, including quorum quenching protein AiiA and arabinose promoter ParaBAD, into the QS system.
  • Performed in vitro and in vivo expression assays to validate the araQS system's functionality.

Main Results:

  • The araQS system was initiated in the absence of arabinose at high cell densities.
  • Demonstrated in vivo-triggered and cell density-dependent expression patterns.
  • Confirmed functionality across different bacterial hosts and successful antigen production in a fish model.

Conclusions:

  • The araQS system enables programmed bacterial expression in vivo.
  • Potential applications include bacterial vector vaccines and controlled protein production in various hosts.