Graphene-based membranes.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Chemical Engineering
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Graphene, a 2D material, possesses superior electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties.
• Graphene and its derivatives are key nano-building blocks for advanced separation membranes.
• Graphene-based membranes exhibit unique laminar structures and tunable physicochemical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent breakthroughs in graphene-based membrane technology.
• To cover theoretical and experimental advances in their design, fabrication, and application.
• To provide insights into separation mechanisms and performance.

Main Methods:

• Processing graphene and derivatives into porous layers, assembled laminates, and composites.
• Analyzing the impact of nanochannels, defects, and functional groups on molecular transport.
• Summarizing separation performance in pressure filtration, pervaporation, and gas separation.

Main Results:

• Demonstrated extraordinary molecular separation capabilities for water and gas purification.
• Explored three distinct forms of graphene-based separation membranes.
• Provided critical analysis of separation mechanisms influencing molecular transport.

Conclusions:

• Graphene-based membranes represent a significant advancement in separation technologies.
• This review offers a comprehensive resource for researchers and students in the field.
• Future research directions in graphene membrane science and engineering are highlighted.