Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

6.1K
The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
6.1K
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

9.5K
Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
9.5K
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

4.3K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
4.3K
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

9.0K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
9.0K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

9.4K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
9.4K
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

1.5K
Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Using sensitivity analysis to evaluate the fracture benefit of parathyroidectomy.

Surgery·2026
Same author

Undermining Confidence: Examining Trainees' Perspectives on Confidence in General Surgery.

Journal of surgical education·2026
Same author

Response Regarding: Generative Artificial Intelligence in Academic Surgery: Ethical Implications and Transformative Potential.

The Journal of surgical research·2025
Same author

Generative Artificial Intelligence in Academic Surgery: Ethical Implications and Transformative Potential.

The Journal of surgical research·2025
Same author

Perioperative Bone Mineral Density Assessment in Patients With Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

The Journal of surgical research·2024
Same author

Equivalent Pain and Opioid Use Between Transabdominal and Retroperitoneal Adrenalectomy.

The Journal of surgical research·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
07:12

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Published on: August 17, 2022

5.3K

Hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy: incidence and resolution.

Kathryn Ritter1, Dawn Elfenbein1, David F Schneider1

  • 1Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.

The Journal of Surgical Research
|May 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Most patients undergoing thyroidectomy with low parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels recover quickly, though full recovery can take up to a year. Permanent hypoparathyroidism is rare, but medication needs are crucial for defining recovery.

Keywords:
HypocalcemiaHypoparathyroidismParathyroid hormoneTotal thyroidectomy

More Related Videos

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
03:57

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

2.5K
Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
04:09

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Published on: September 20, 2024

1.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
07:12

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Published on: August 17, 2022

5.3K
Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
03:57

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

2.5K
Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
04:09

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Published on: September 20, 2024

1.3K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Outcomes

Background:

  • Postoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) monitoring is crucial after thyroid surgery to assess hypoparathyroidism risk.
  • Current definitions for parathyroid gland function recovery and permanent hypoparathyroidism lack consensus.
  • Understanding the incidence and recovery timeline of low PTH is essential for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of low postoperative PTH in total thyroidectomy patients.
  • To monitor the time course of parathyroid gland function recovery after surgery.
  • To evaluate the criteria for defining permanent hypoparathyroidism.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of 1054 total thyroidectomy patients (2006-2013).
  • Low PTH defined as <10 pg/mL immediately post-surgery.
  • Recovery defined as PTH ≥10 pg/mL and no need for calcium/vitamin D supplementation; permanent hypoparathyroidism defined as no recovery within 1 year.

Main Results:

  • 18% (189/1054) of patients had immediate postoperative low PTH (<10 pg/mL).
  • 70% of these patients recovered function within 2 months; 5% recovered between 6-12 months.
  • 1.9% (20/1054) were classified as permanent hypoparathyroidism at 1 year, with 50% still requiring supplementation despite normalized PTH levels.

Conclusions:

  • The majority of patients with low postoperative PTH experience rapid functional recovery.
  • Full parathyroid gland function recovery can extend up to one year post-thyroidectomy.
  • Defining hypoparathyroidism requires consideration of both PTH levels and medication requirements for symptom management.