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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

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Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Liver Physiology01:30

Liver Physiology

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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

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Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
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Maternal, Infant, Reproductive and Child Health in Cystic Fibrosis (MATRIARCH_CF): a prospective, observational study to evaluate pregnancy and parenthood in females with cystic fibrosis and health of the offspring in the CFTR-modulator era.

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The Use of Gas Chromatography to Analyze Compositional Changes of Fatty Acids in Rat Liver Tissue during Pregnancy
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Liver disease in pregnancy.

Victoria Geenes1, Catherine Williamson1

  • 1Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, London, UK.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
|May 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Pregnancy-related liver disease poses risks to mothers and babies. This review covers how common liver conditions present, are managed, and affect perinatal outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Hepatology
  • Perinatology

Background:

  • Liver disease in pregnancy presents significant risks for maternal and fetal health.
  • Conditions can be pre-existing or specific to pregnancy, impacting outcomes.
  • Accurate diagnosis and management are crucial for mitigating risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation of common liver diseases during pregnancy.
  • To outline current management strategies for these conditions.
  • To analyze perinatal outcomes associated with maternal liver disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of common causes of liver disease in pregnancy.
  • Synthesis of data on presentation, management protocols, and perinatal outcomes.
Keywords:
cholestasishepatitisliver diseasepregnancy

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  • Analysis of existing clinical guidelines and case studies.

    • Main Results:

    • Common liver diseases in pregnancy include cholestasis, HELLP syndrome, and acute fatty liver of pregnancy.
    • Timely diagnosis and multidisciplinary management improve maternal and fetal outcomes.
    • Specific management strategies vary based on the underlying liver condition.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of liver disease in pregnancy requires a comprehensive approach.
    • Understanding presentation and optimizing treatment can reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
    • Further research into specific conditions can refine perinatal care.