Group a rotavirus and norovirus genotypes circulating in the northeastern Brazil in the post-monovalent vaccination

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Ana Caroline C Sá1, Mariela M Gómez1, Ila Fernanda N Lima2

  • 1Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute- Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Journal of Medical Virology
|May 19, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Group A rotavirus (RVA) and norovirus (NoV) infections are common in Brazilian children. Post-vaccination surveillance identified circulating G2P[4] RVA strains and diverse NoV genotypes, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Group A rotaviruses (RVA) and noroviruses (NoV) are primary causes of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) globally.
  • Introduction of the monovalent (G1P[8]) rotavirus vaccine in Brazil in 2006 has coincided with reduced childhood diarrhea mortality and hospitalizations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epidemiological profile of NoV and RVA infections in children with AGE in Northeastern Brazil.
  • To characterize circulating RVA and NoV strains in the post-vaccine era.

Main Methods:

  • Fecal samples from 200 children (≤10 years) in Fortaleza, Ceará (2008-2009) were screened for RVA and NoV.
  • Positive samples underwent genotyping and sequencing for phylogenetic analysis.

Main Results:

  • RVA prevalence was 12%, with all strains identified as G2P[4] genotype. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a DS-1-like constellation.
  • NoV prevalence was 17%, with detected genotypes including GII.4 (59%), GII.12 (17%), GII.6 (9%), GII.3 (6%), and GII.? (9%).
  • At least four NoV genotypes and two RVA G2P[4] variants were identified, suggesting reassortment events in RVA strains.

Conclusions:

  • The study identified diverse circulating NoV genotypes and specific RVA G2P[4] variants in Northeastern Brazil.
  • Findings underscore the importance of continuous surveillance for emerging RVA and NoV strains to assess their impact on AGE and vaccine effectiveness.

Keywords:
Acute gastroenteritisBrazilG2P[4] group A rotavirusGII.4 norovirusPhylogenetic analysisVaccine

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