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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Interphase Fluorescence in situ Hybridization of Bone Marrow Smears of Multiple Myeloma
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Genomic heterogeneity in multiple myeloma.

Raphaël Szalat1, Nikhil C Munshi2

  • 1Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|May 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Multiple myeloma, a plasma cell cancer, remains incurable for most. Recent genomic and molecular studies are revealing its complexity, paving the way for personalized treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous plasma cell malignancy with diverse patient outcomes.
  • Current MM treatments are largely based on patient age and general health, not disease specifics.
  • Understanding MM biology is crucial for developing effective cures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in understanding Multiple Myeloma biology.
  • To highlight the role of genomic and molecular profiling in MM research.
  • To underscore the potential for personalized therapies in MM.

Main Methods:

  • Karyotype analysis and gene expression profiling.
  • Epigenetic and transcriptional modification studies.
  • Next-generation sequencing for mutational profiling.

Main Results:

  • Identification of robust prognostic markers and genomic landscape in MM.
  • Characterization of critical genes, pathways, and mutational profiles in myelomagenesis.
  • Elucidation of clonal heterogeneity in MM.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic and molecular insights are transforming MM research.
  • These findings are essential for developing targeted and personalized MM therapies.
  • Advancements offer hope for improved patient outcomes in Multiple Myeloma.