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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

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Osteosarcoma in identical twins: A case report.

Alessio Biazzo1, Massimiliano De Paolis1, Alberto Righi2

  • 1Oncologic Department, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via Pupilli 1, Bologna 40136, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma
|May 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare bone cancer. This study details two rare cases of OS in identical twins, a phenomenon not previously reported in medical literature.

Keywords:
Familial osteosarcomaOsteosarcomaTwins

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, excluding hematologic malignancies.
  • OS incidence is low, approximately 600 cases annually in the United States.
  • OS occurring in siblings is exceptionally rare, with limited case reports.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the incidence and characteristics of osteosarcoma in identical twins.
  • To highlight the rarity of OS in monozygotic twins compared to siblings.
  • To contribute to the understanding of genetic predispositions in osteosarcoma.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of two identical twins diagnosed with osteosarcoma.
  • Detailed description of tumor grade, location, and treatment modalities.
  • Literature review of reported cases of osteosarcoma in siblings and twins.

Main Results:

  • The first case involved a low-grade OS in the proximal tibia of a 25-year-old male, treated with resection and allograft reconstruction.
  • The second case presented a high-grade OS in the distal tibia of a 33-year-old male, arising in a previously monitored non-ossifying fibroma (NOF), treated with chemotherapy, resection, and allograft.
  • No prior documented cases of osteosarcoma in identical twins were found in the literature review, contrasting with 26 reported sibling cases.

Conclusions:

  • Identical twin concordance for osteosarcoma appears to be exceedingly rare.
  • The findings underscore the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors in osteosarcoma development.
  • Further research into familial predispositions for osteosarcoma is warranted.