Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

65.2K
Overview
65.2K
Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

2.1K
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
2.1K
Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

784
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
784
Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

1.7K
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
1.7K
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

602
Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
602
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

1.0K
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sex differences in a mouse model of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity.

Research square·2026
Same author

Mast cell score associates with wide-spread mast cell symptoms and comorbidities in patients with hEDS and HSD.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Induction of Murine Models of Autoimmune Myocarditis, Valvulitis, and Cardiomyopathy.

Current protocols·2026
Same author

Age-related symptom clustering in pediatric hypermobility spectrum disorders: a scoping review.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases·2026
Same author

Time-Critical Cardiovascular Risk After COVID-19: A Population-Based Analysis Across Variant Eras.

Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes·2026
Same author

How biological sex shapes differences in immune responses to infection.

Biology of sex differences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology
05:51

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

Published on: May 6, 2014

13.9K

Sex differences in inflammation during atherosclerosis.

DeLisa Fairweather1

  • 1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology
|May 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Men and women exhibit distinct immune responses in atherosclerosis, a leading cause of death. Understanding these sex differences in vascular inflammation is crucial for developing personalized treatments for cardiovascular disease.

Keywords:
autoantibodiesinflammasomemacrophagesmyocardial infarctmyocarditissex hormones

More Related Videos

A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites
09:52

A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites

Published on: August 8, 2014

18.2K
Quantitative Analysis and Characterization of Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Murine Aortic Sinus
06:43

Quantitative Analysis and Characterization of Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Murine Aortic Sinus

Published on: December 7, 2013

14.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 12, 2026

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology
05:51

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

Published on: May 6, 2014

13.9K
A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites
09:52

A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites

Published on: August 8, 2014

18.2K
Quantitative Analysis and Characterization of Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Murine Aortic Sinus
06:43

Quantitative Analysis and Characterization of Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Murine Aortic Sinus

Published on: December 7, 2013

14.8K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Immunology
  • Sex Differences in Disease

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis is a major global cause of mortality, with notable sex-based disparities in incidence and age of onset.
  • Women often develop atherosclerosis post-menopause, especially with autoimmune conditions, suggesting sex-specific immune pathways.
  • Key pathogenic processes include vascular inflammation, lipid accumulation, fibrosis, and plaque instability leading to ischemic events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on sex differences in the inflammatory immune response during atherosclerosis.
  • To highlight how sex hormones influence immune responses and disease phenotypes.
  • To underscore the importance of sex as a biological variable in understanding cardiovascular disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating sex differences in atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of research on immune mechanisms, including innate and adaptive immunity, in relation to sex hormones.
  • Synthesis of evidence on differential immune responses to infection and damage between sexes.

Main Results:

  • Men exhibit elevated innate immune activation in atherosclerosis.
  • Women show increased antibody and autoantibody responses, particularly post-menopause and with autoimmune diseases.
  • Sex hormones significantly modulate immune responses, leading to distinct atherosclerosis phenotypes in men and women.

Conclusions:

  • Significant sex differences exist in the inflammatory immune response underlying atherosclerosis.
  • These disparities contribute to different disease manifestations and outcomes between men and women.
  • Recognizing and understanding these sex-specific immune mechanisms is essential for advancing precision medicine in cardiovascular disease treatment.