Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds
09:29

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds

Published on: October 29, 2015

31.0K

Hepatitis C Virus. Strategies to Evade Antiviral Responses

Nandan S Gokhale1, Christine Vazquez1, Stacy M Horner2

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.

Future Virology
|May 19, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection triggers host defenses, but the virus evades these responses. Type III interferons are key in immunity, and genetic variations impact HCV outcomes, highlighting innate immunity

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes chronic liver disease globally.
  • HCV is recognized by host pattern recognition receptors, initiating signaling pathways.
  • Type III interferons (IFNs) are crucial in antiviral immunity against HCV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review innate immune sensing and signaling pathways against HCV.
  • To explore how HCV evades and regulates host innate immunity.
  • To discuss the role of genetic variations in Type III IFN loci and HCV outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of innate immune responses to HCV.
  • Analysis of viral evasion mechanisms.
  • Examination of host genetic factors influencing HCV infection.

Main Results:

  • HCV infection activates innate immune sensing and signaling cascades.
  • Type III IFNs are critical effectors in controlling HCV.
  • HCV employs sophisticated strategies to evade and manipulate host innate immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding HCV's interaction with innate immunity is vital for therapeutic strategies.
  • Genetic variations in IFN loci influence individual susceptibility and outcomes.
  • Targeting innate immune pathways offers potential for novel HCV treatments.

Keywords:
HCVIFNISGsImmune EvasionMAVSNS3/4ARIG-I

More Related Videos

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication13:04

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

24.8K
High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses11:34

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses

Published on: May 5, 2014

14.5K

Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
59
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
1.4K
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
50.7K
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
35
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
2.6K
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
50