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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Vaccinations01:51

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Immunological Memory01:23

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

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Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
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Related Experiment Video

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Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice
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Vaccination and transient hepatitis B surface antigenemia.

Dhanya Mohan1, Mohammed Railey1, Mona Al Rukhaimi1

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Dubai Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE.

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|May 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis B vaccination can cause temporary, false-positive Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) tests in hemodialysis patients. Delaying HBsAg testing for 4 weeks post-vaccination prevents unnecessary isolation and patient anxiety.

Keywords:
hemodialysishepatitis B surface antigenhepatitis B vaccinevaccine-induced-positive hepatitis B surface antigen

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hepatitis B vaccination is crucial for hemodialysis (HD) patients, who are at high risk of infection.
  • Mandatory vaccination protocols target HBsAg-negative patients with low antibody titers.

Observation:

  • A case of transient Hepatitis B surface antigenemia (HBsAg) was observed in an HD patient after the second vaccine dose.
  • This incidental finding led to patient isolation and further investigations.

Findings:

  • The observed HBsAg positivity was transient and a result of vaccination, not true infection.
  • This phenomenon can lead to unnecessary diagnostic procedures and significant patient distress.

Implications:

  • Hemodialysis units must be aware of vaccine-induced HBsAg false positivity.
  • Deferring HBsAg testing until 4 weeks post-vaccination is recommended to avoid misdiagnosis and anxiety.