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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Obtaining Cancer Stem Cell Spheres from Gynecological and Breast Cancer Tumors
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[Cancer stemness and circulating tumor cells].

Tomoko Saito, Koshi Mimori

    Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
    |May 20, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive cancer growth and spread. New research shows circulating tumor cells (CTCs) possess CSC properties, linking them to cancer metastasis and relapse.

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Cancer Biology
    • Cellular Biology

    Context:

    • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are recognized drivers of carcinogenesis, relapse, and metastasis.
    • Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are increasingly implicated in cancer relapse and metastasis.
    • Technical advancements in CTC detection have facilitated deeper understanding of their biological nature.

    Purpose:

    • To explore the association between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs).
    • To investigate the CSC properties exhibited by CTCs.
    • To understand the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CTCs related to CSC characteristics.

    Summary:

    • CTCs isolated using specific cell surface markers, such as DCLK1 and LGR5, demonstrate CSC properties.

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  • CTCs exhibiting an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype also display characteristics of CSCs.
  • This suggests a significant overlap in the functional properties and biological roles of CSCs and certain CTC populations.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the potential of CTCs as a source for studying CSCs.
    • Provides insights into the mechanisms of cancer metastasis and relapse.
    • May inform the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs and CTCs.