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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
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Infectious long non-coding RNAs.

Konstantina Katsarou1, A L N Rao2, Mina Tsagris3

  • 1Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.

Biochimie
|May 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Infectious long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are classified as dependent or independent, impacting host organisms. These non-protein-coding RNAs offer new therapeutic strategies by interacting with host factors.

Keywords:
Hepatitis D virusRNA satellitesViroidslncRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a significant class of RNA molecules involved in regulating diverse biological processes.
  • Infectious lncRNAs represent a growing area of research, influencing host-pathogen interactions and disease pathogenesis.
  • Understanding the role of lncRNAs in infection is crucial for advancing molecular biology and developing novel therapeutic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and classify infectious long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).
  • To elucidate the pathogenesis and impact of infectious lncRNAs on host organisms.
  • To explore the potential therapeutic applications of lncRNAs in infectious diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on infectious lncRNAs.
  • Classification of infectious lncRNAs into dependent and independent categories based on their replication mechanisms.
  • Analysis of the structural and sequential information within lncRNAs driving host factor interactions.

Main Results:

  • Infectious lncRNAs are categorized into 'dependent' (e.g., satellite RNA, Hepatitis D virus, viral lncRNAs) requiring helper viruses, and 'independent' (e.g., viroids) capable of self-replication.
  • Despite lacking protein-coding capacity, lncRNAs possess intrinsic information for specific host factor interactions.
  • These interactions modulate various cellular functions, impacting the overall health of the infected organism.

Conclusions:

  • Infectious lncRNAs play a critical role in pathogenesis and host-pathogen dynamics.
  • The study of lncRNAs challenges the traditional central dogma of molecular biology.
  • Emerging insights into lncRNAs open new avenues for therapeutic strategies against infectious diseases.