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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

9.0K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
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Differentiated thyroid carcinoma in lingual thyroid.

Giacomo Sturniolo1, Maria Antonia Violi2, Bruno Galletti3

  • 1Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100, Messina, Italy. sturniologiacomo@virgilio.it.

Endocrine
|May 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lingual thyroid cancer, though rare, predominantly presents as papillary carcinoma. Management typically involves surgical excision, often followed by radioiodine ablation, highlighting the need for standardized treatment protocols for this ectopic thyroid malignancy.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Head and Neck Surgery

Background:

  • Lingual thyroid, the most common thyroid ectopy, can develop malignancies with an incidence under 1%.
Keywords:
Ectopic thyroidLingual thyroidLingual thyroid carcinoma

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  • Fewer than 51 cases of lingual thyroid cancer have been documented globally.
  • Papillary carcinoma is the most frequent histotype, mirroring orthotopic thyroid cancer trends.