[Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation - an overview]
U Holtick1, J M Chemnitz1, M Hallek1
1Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Uniklinik Köln.
Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde
|May 20, 2015
Summary
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation offers an effective treatment for blood cancers by using donor immune cells to fight disease. Balancing this beneficial graft-versus-tumour effect with harmful graft-versus-host disease is crucial for patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Immunology
- Oncology
Context:
- Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a key treatment for relapsed or refractory leukaemias and lymphomas.
- HSCT involves infusing donor stem cells after conditioning chemotherapy and/or irradiation to restore blood cell production.
Purpose:
- To explore the mechanisms and challenges of allogeneic HSCT in treating hematological malignancies.
- To highlight the critical balance between graft-versus-tumour (GvT) and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD).
Summary:
- Donor immune cells mediate a graft-versus-tumour (GvT) effect, crucial for eradicating residual cancer cells beyond chemotherapy's scope.
- This therapeutic GvT effect is often paralleled by detrimental graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), a major cause of transplant-related mortality and morbidity.
Impact:
- Optimizing the GvT/GvHD balance through careful selection of donors, stem cell sources, conditioning protocols, and immunosuppressive strategies is essential.
- Improving patient outcomes in allogeneic stem cell transplantation hinges on managing this complex immune response.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants
2.6K
Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
2.6K
01:21Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration
4.9K
Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell...
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell...
4.9K
01:24Tissue Transplantation
1.3K
Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
1.3K
01:19Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
4.2K
The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
4.2K
01:01Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
4.4K
All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
4.4K
01:17Stem Cell Culture
6.6K
Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
6.6K