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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Published on: September 8, 2017

Solution-Processed Planar Perovskite Solar Cell Without a Hole Transport Layer.

Yi Jin¹, George Chumanov¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET), Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|May 20, 2015

Summary

This study demonstrates efficient solar cells using perovskite materials and graphite electrodes. The best device achieved a 10.2% power conversion efficiency, showing promise for renewable energy applications.

Keywords:

exfoliated graphite perovskite solar cell solution-process zinc oxide

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Last Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

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Published on: September 8, 2017

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Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Published on: March 19, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Renewable Energy
Solid-State Physics

Background:

Perovskite solar cells offer a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based photovoltaics.
Developing efficient and stable perovskite solar cells requires optimizing material composition and device architecture.

Purpose of the Study:

To fabricate and characterize solar cells utilizing a specific perovskite structure (ITO/ZnO/CH3NH3PbI3/graphite/carbon black).
To investigate the impact of incorporating electrochemically exfoliated graphite on device performance.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of solar cells via spin coating under ambient conditions.
Conversion of lead iodide (PbI2) thin films to methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite.
Characterization of device performance, including fill factor, open circuit potential, and short circuit current density.

Main Results:

The fabricated solar cells demonstrated the potential for efficient power conversion.
Incorporating electrochemically exfoliated graphite significantly enhanced key performance metrics.
The optimized device achieved a notable power conversion efficiency of 10.2%.

Conclusions:

Electrochemical exfoliation of graphite is an effective strategy for improving perovskite solar cell performance.
The developed device architecture shows potential for cost-effective and efficient solar energy harvesting.