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Related Concept Videos

Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature01:19

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

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Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...
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Types of Fever01:25

Types of Fever

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Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
Here are the different types of fever:
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Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

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The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Thermoregulation01:26

Thermoregulation

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The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
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Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
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Malignant hyperthermia, a Scandinavian update.

M Broman1, G Islander1, C R Müller2

  • 1Perioperative and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
|May 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) is a rare genetic disorder triggered by anesthesia. Early recognition and dantrolene administration are crucial for managing MH reactions in susceptible patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacogenetics
  • Anesthesiology
  • Muscle Physiology

Background:

  • Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) is a rare, autosomal-dominant pharmacogenetic disorder.
  • Triggered by anesthetics like halogenated agents and succinylcholine, MH causes life-threatening reactions including hypercarbia, muscle rigidity, and acidosis.
  • Mutations in the RYR1 gene are the primary cause, with rare cases linked to CACNA1S gene mutations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) in Sweden.
  • To analyze MH-causative mutations and diagnostic methods.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search.
  • Analysis of the Swedish MH database (1984-2014) including 436 probands.
  • In vitro muscle contraction test (IVCT) data review.

Main Results:

  • Identified twelve distinct MH-causative mutations in Swedish patients.
  • These mutations disrupt calcium balance in striated muscle.
  • Diagnosis requires either IVCT via muscle biopsy or identification of a known causative mutation.

Conclusions:

  • Malignant Hyperthermia susceptible (MHS) patients require trigger-free anesthesia.
  • MH-like reactions can occur unrelated to anesthesia.
  • Prompt recognition, cessation of triggering agents, and dantrolene administration are vital for positive outcomes.