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Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease
Published on: April 4, 2018
Polymorphisms in the canine glucocorticoid receptor alpha gene (NR3C1α)
A Costa1, R K Sellon1, M Court1
1Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Genetic variations in the canine glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) were identified in dogs. These NR3C1 polymorphisms may explain why some dogs respond differently to corticosteroid treatments.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Genetics
- Pharmacogenomics
Background:
- Corticosteroids are widely used in veterinary medicine for dogs.
- Variability in canine response to corticosteroids suggests underlying genetic factors.
- Human studies link glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) polymorphisms to corticosteroid response.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate genetic variability in the canine NR3C1 gene.
- To sequence the coding regions of the NR3C1 gene in a diverse dog population.
- To identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the canine NR3C1 gene.
Main Methods:
- Sequencing of NR3C1 coding regions in 97 dogs from four breed groups.
- Analysis of genetic variation across identified exons.
- In silico prediction of the impact of identified SNPs on protein structure and function.
Main Results:
- Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in four NR3C1 exons.
- Two nonsynonymous SNPs (c.811A>T and c.2111T>C) were found.
- These SNPs result in amino acid changes predicted to be 'probably damaging' to the NR3C1 protein.
Conclusions:
- Canine NR3C1 gene polymorphisms exist.
- These genetic variations may contribute to individual differences in corticosteroid efficacy and side effects in dogs.
- Further research is warranted to understand the clinical implications of these NR3C1 polymorphisms.
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