Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
Published on: August 14, 2019
[Evaluation of testicular volume in 0- to 18-year-old boys by sonography]
1Klinik und Poliklinik für Diagnostische Radiologie, Martin-Luther-Universität, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Deutschland. mathias.kunde@uk-halle.de.
Insights
This study establishes reference values for testicular volume in boys aged 0-18 years, considering age, height, and weight. These findings aid in diagnosing testicular disorders and monitoring development.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric endocrinology
- Andrology
- Diagnostic imaging
Background:
- Accurate testicular volume assessment is crucial for clinical practice.
- Establishing normative data is essential for identifying testicular disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine age-, height-, and weight-dependent reference values for testicular volume in boys aged 0-18 years.
- To provide updated normative data for pediatric testicular evaluation.
Main Methods:
- Prospective, cross-sectional study of 174 healthy boys aged 0-18 years.
- High-resolution ultrasound (7.5-14 MHz) used for testicular examination.
- Testicular volume calculated using the ellipsoid formula: V = (π/6) * length * width * height.
Main Results:
- Testicular volume reference ranges were established for boys aged 0-18 years.
- Left testicular volume was slightly smaller than right in younger boys (0-8 years).
- By age 13, all subjects had testicular volumes >3 ml; adolescent volumes varied significantly.
Conclusions:
- Compiled reference value tables for testicular volume, length, width, and height based on age, weight, and height.
- These tables offer valuable tools for clinical assessment of pediatric testicular development.
Background:
Reference values are necessary in clinical practice in order to correctly evaluate testicular volume and detect disorders.
Objectives:
The objective of this prospective cross-sectional study was to evaluate reference values for testicular volume dependent on age, height, and weight in boys aged 0-18 years.
Material And Methods:
During their inpatient stay, the testes of 174 boys, who were free of disease or therapy that might influence testicular development, were examined by sonography. High resolution ultrasound transducers ranging from 7.5-14 MHz were used for evaluation. The testicular volume was calculated by the ellipsoid formula: length • width • height • (π/6).
Results:
The subject age ranged from 0-18 years (average 7.1 ± 5.3 years). At the age of 0-8 years, the left testicular volume (1.2 ml) was less than the right testicular volume (1.3 ml). At the age of 13 years, the testicular volume of all subjects was over 3 ml. Left testicular volume of boys aged 16.5-18 years ranged from 7 to 22 ml and the right testicular volume ranged from 6 to 22 ml.
Conclusion:
Reference value tables of testicular volume dependent on age, and for the first time dependent on weight and height in boys aged from 0-18 years were compiled. Tables of testicular length, width, and height dependent on age are provided.
Related Concept Videos
Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography
Testes: Gross Anatomy
Each testis is surrounded by the tunica albuginea, a dense connective tissue layer that provides structural support and protection. This layer is covered by an outer serous membrane called the tunica vaginalis, which helps reduce friction...
Ultrasonography
During an ultrasonography procedure, a handheld device called...
Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry
Testes: Histology
The spermatogenic cells, responsible for producing sperm, are...
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

