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Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats

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Gender differences in outpatients with anxiety disorders: the Leiden Routine Outcome Monitoring Study.

L Pesce¹, T van Veen², I Carlier²

¹Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute,Università degli Studi di Milano,San Paolo Hospital,Milan,Italy.

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences

|May 21, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Women with anxiety disorders are more prevalent and report higher symptom severity than men. This study highlights gender disparities in anxiety disorder presentation and self-reported symptom burden in a clinical setting.

Keywords:

Epidemiology gender differences outpatient psychiatry panic disorder post-traumatic stress disorder

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Area of Science:

Psychiatry and Mental Health
Epidemiology
Clinical Psychology

Background:

General population data indicate a higher prevalence of anxiety disorders in women compared to men.
This study investigates gender differences within a naturalistic sample of outpatients diagnosed with anxiety disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze gender differences in the prevalence and symptom severity of anxiety disorders in a treatment-seeking population.
To compare self-reported and observer-rated symptom severity between male and female outpatients with anxiety disorders.

Main Methods:

Data from 1333 outpatients (63.3% women) diagnosed with anxiety disorders (DSM-IV criteria) were analyzed.
Standardized psychometric instruments including the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were used.
Statistical analyses included chi-squared tests, t-tests, Mann-Whitney tests, logistic regression, and analysis of covariance to compare genders and adjust for confounders.

Main Results:

The prevalence of anxiety disorders was 1.73 times higher in women than men, with post-traumatic stress disorder showing the largest gender skew (2.80:1).
Women reported significantly higher self-rated symptom severity on the BSI, SF-36, and MASQ compared to men.
No gender difference was observed in observer-rated anxiety symptom severity (Brief Anxiety Scale). Women had higher rates of comorbid depression and bulimia nervosa, and lower rates of substance abuse.

Conclusions:

Anxiety disorders are more prevalent in women than men within a treatment-seeking population.
Female outpatients with anxiety disorders experience more severe self-reported symptoms but not necessarily observer-rated symptoms compared to their male counterparts.