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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Murine Aortic Crush Injury: An Efficient In Vivo Model of Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Endothelial Function
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Cell proliferation in human arteries.

D Gordon1

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Cardiovascular Pathology : the Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology
|May 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human atherosclerosis involves low cell proliferation, particularly in smooth muscle cells and monocyte/macrophages. Research is beginning to explore the timing and patterns of cell proliferation during this disease process.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular biology
  • Cellular pathology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by plaque buildup in arteries.
  • The role of cellular proliferation in atherosclerosis pathogenesis is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between cell proliferation and the development/progression of human atherosclerosis.
  • To characterize the time courses and patterns of proliferative activity in affected cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of human atherosclerotic lesions.
  • Assessment of cell proliferation markers in smooth muscle cells and monocyte/macrophages.

Main Results:

  • Low levels of cell proliferation are associated with atherosclerosis development.
  • Proliferative activity is observed in both smooth muscle cells and monocyte/macrophages within atherosclerotic plaques.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular proliferation, particularly in smooth muscle cells and monocyte/macrophages, plays a role in human atherosclerosis.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the temporal dynamics of cell proliferation in this disease.