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Related Concept Videos

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction01:23

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Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview01:19

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Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
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Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types01:27

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Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
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Related Experiment Video

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Manufacture and Drug Delivery Applications of Silk Nanoparticles
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Surface-engineered graphene-based nanomaterials for drug delivery.

Haiqing Dong, Chunyan Dong, Tianbin Ren

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    Graphene nanomaterials show promise for drug delivery, biosensing, and therapy due to their unique properties. Further research is needed to optimize their use and ensure biosafety for biomedical applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomaterials Science
    • Nanotechnology
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Graphene, a novel carbon allotrope, has garnered significant attention for its potential in diverse industrial and biomedical fields.
    • Understanding the interactions between graphene-based materials and biological systems (nano-bio-interfaces) is crucial for their biomedical applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current research on graphene-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
    • To summarize findings on physiological stability, enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, active targeting, and drug/gene delivery mechanisms.
    • To discuss recent advancements in photosensitizers, theranostics, and biosafety of graphene.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of studies on graphene-based nanomaterials in biomedical applications.
    • Analysis of data concerning physiological stability, EPR effect, targeting, and drug/gene delivery.
    • Compilation of research on photosensitizers, theranostics, and biosafety assessments.

    Main Results:

    • Graphene-based nanomaterials exhibit potential for drug and gene delivery, biosensing, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
    • Key properties like physiological stability, EPR effect, and active targeting are being investigated for optimized delivery.
    • Progress has been made in developing graphene-based photosensitizers and theranostic agents.

    Conclusions:

    • Graphene-based nanomaterials offer versatile platforms for advanced biomedical applications.
    • Further investigation into their biosafety at cellular and animal levels is essential.
    • Addressing current challenges will pave the way for future clinical translation and innovation.