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Related Concept Videos

Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Curved Surface01:04

Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Curved Surface

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Hydrostatic pressure on curved surfaces is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics with broad applications in the civil engineering field. When fluid is in contact with a curved surface, as in a reservoir, dam, or storage tank, it exerts pressure that varies in magnitude and direction along the curved surface. To assess the total hydrostatic force exerted by the fluid on a curved structure, engineers typically isolate the fluid volume adjacent to the surface and analyze the forces acting on...
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Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Plane Surface01:04

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When a plane surface is submerged in a fluid, hydrostatic forces develop on the surface due to the fluid's pressure. For horizontal surfaces, the pressure exerted by the fluid is uniform because the depth remains constant. The resultant force is determined by the pressure at the given depth multiplied by the area of the surface, and it acts through the centroid of the surface. For vertical surfaces, the pressure varies with depth, increasing as the distance from the fluid's free surface...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Use of Atomic Force Microscopy to Measure Mechanical Properties and Turgor Pressure of Plant Cells and Plant Tissues
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Use of Atomic Force Microscopy to Measure Mechanical Properties and Turgor Pressure of Plant Cells and Plant Tissues

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Quantifying hydrostatic pressure in plant cells by using indentation with an atomic force microscope.

Léna Beauzamy1, Julien Derr2, Arezki Boudaoud3

  • 1Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Laboratoire Joliot-Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.

Biophysical Journal
|May 21, 2015
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Summary

Researchers developed a new, non-intrusive method to measure turgor pressure in plant cells. This technique overcomes limitations of older methods, enabling easier study of cell growth dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Cellular Mechanics

Background:

  • Plant cell growth is regulated by turgor pressure, an internal hydrostatic force.
  • The cell wall provides external restraint, balancing turgor pressure.
  • Traditional turgor measurement methods, like the pressure probe, are intrusive and unsuitable for small cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, accessible method for measuring turgor pressure in individual plant cells.
  • To overcome the limitations of existing intrusive measurement techniques.
  • To enable straightforward estimation of hydrostatic pressure in walled cells.

Main Methods:

  • Combined atomic force microscopy (AFM) for topography and nanoindentation force measurements.
  • Utilized a published mechanical model for point-like loading of thin elastic shells.
  • Interpreted force-depth curves from AFM to estimate cell wall elasticity and turgor pressure.

Main Results:

  • Successfully estimated elastic properties of the cell wall and turgor pressure from single force-depth curves.
  • Applied the method to onion epidermal peels.
  • Quantified the plant cells' response to changes in external osmolality.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides an accessible and straightforward approach to estimate hydrostatic pressure in walled cells.
  • This technique overcomes the invasiveness and size limitations of classical pressure probe methods.
  • Enables new avenues for studying plant cell growth and mechanics.