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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Long noncoding RNA in hematopoiesis and immunity.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cellular differentiation involves complex gene expression regulation.
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as crucial regulators in biological processes.
  • lncRNAs play lineage-specific roles in cell development and immune system modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the role of lncRNAs in immunity.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate gene expression.
  • To discuss the implications of lncRNAs in immune-mediated diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on lncRNAs in immunity.
  • Analysis of lncRNA functions, including RNA-DNA, RNA-RNA, and RNA-protein interactions.
  • Discussion of lncRNA involvement in chromatin modification, mRNA biogenesis, and protein signaling.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are expressed in a lineage-specific manner.
  • lncRNAs modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses.
  • lncRNAs impact multiple gene regulation stages, affecting chromatin, mRNA, and protein signaling.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are central regulators of cellular differentiation and immune responses.
  • Understanding lncRNA functions is critical for advancing research in immunology and immune-mediated diseases.
  • Future research should focus on the therapeutic potential of lncRNAs in immune disorders.