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Updated: Apr 12, 2026

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The impact of selectins on mortality in stable carotid atherosclerosis

Matthias Hoke, Max-Paul Winter, Oswald Wagner

  • 1Georg Goliasch, MD, PhD, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Tel.: +43 1 40400 46140, Fax: +43 1 40400 42160,

Thrombosis and Haemostasis
|May 22, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Plasma levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) predict mortality in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. These selectins indicate endothelial activation and aid in risk stratification for cardiovascular events.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Cellular adhesion molecules, specifically selectins, facilitate inflammatory cell recruitment to the arterial wall, contributing to atherosclerotic plaque formation.
  • Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1/E-selectin) mediate leukocyte attachment and are implicated in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between plasma selectin levels and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with carotid atherosclerosis.
  • To determine if ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin can serve as predictors of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 855 patients with sonographically confirmed carotid atherosclerosis.
  • Median follow-up of 6.2 years, with monitoring for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
  • Statistical analysis using adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (CI) to assess the association between selectin levels and mortality.

Main Results:

  • Elevated plasma levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were significantly associated with increased cardiovascular mortality (HR: 3.43 and 2.51, respectively) and all-cause mortality when comparing the highest to lowest quartiles.
  • No significant association was found between E-selectin levels and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality.
  • ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were identified as strong, independent predictors of mortality in this patient cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels are significant predictors of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with stable carotid atherosclerosis.
  • These selectins, elevated during endothelial activation, may serve as valuable biomarkers for monitoring anti-atherosclerotic therapy and identifying high-risk individuals.
  • Further research could explore their utility in guiding therapeutic strategies for carotid atherosclerosis management.

Keywords:
Cell adhesion moleculescarotid atherosclerosisrisk prediction

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