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Related Concept Videos

Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

33.9K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

32.6K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

7.5K
Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

4.5K
A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Related Experiment Videos

Spermatogonial stem cells: Progress and prospects.

Mitsuru Komeya, Takehiko Ogawa1

  • 1Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University; Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University Association of Medical Science, Yokohama 236 0004, Japan, .

Asian Journal of Andrology
|May 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) transplantation in mice has advanced significantly over 20 years, proving their function. Despite progress in understanding and culturing these cells, clinical applications in reproductive medicine remain distant.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Stem Cell Science
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are crucial for continuous sperm production in males.
  • The transplantation of SSCs has been a key method to demonstrate their functional identity and self-renewal capacity.
  • Significant advancements have been made in understanding SSCs over the past two decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the major advancements in spermatogonial stem cell research over the last 20 years.
  • To highlight key findings in SSC kinetics, hierarchy, culture, and in vitro induction.
  • To assess the current status and future prospects of SSCs in reproductive medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of key research findings and technical developments in SSC transplantation and culture.
  • Analysis of studies on SSC self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation.
  • Examination of in vitro germ cell induction from pluripotent stem cells.

Main Results:

  • Successful SSC transplantation in mice confirmed their functional identity.
  • Development of methods for SSC self-renewal, proliferation, and testis tissue organ culture.
  • In vitro induction of germ cells from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells has been achieved.
  • New hypotheses on SSC kinetics and testicular hierarchy have emerged.

Conclusions:

  • Twenty years of research have substantially advanced the understanding of spermatogonial stem cells.
  • Despite significant progress, numerous challenges remain for the clinical application of SSCs in reproductive medicine.
  • Further research is needed to overcome existing hurdles for therapeutic use.