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Related Concept Videos

Integrins01:10

Integrins

6.2K
Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
Some ECM proteins assemble into a basement membrane to which the remaining components adhere. Proteoglycans typically form the bulk of the ECM while fibrous proteins, like collagen,...
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Activation of Integrins01:15

Activation of Integrins

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Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding...
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

3.8K
Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
3.8K
Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

7.8K
Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
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Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

5.7K
Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
5.7K
Selectins01:25

Selectins

4.8K
Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Imaging Integrin Tension and Cellular Force at Submicron Resolution with an Integrative Tension Sensor
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Imaging Integrin Tension and Cellular Force at Submicron Resolution with an Integrative Tension Sensor

Published on: April 25, 2019

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One integrin to rule them all?

Harry C Dietz1

  • 1Institute of Genetic Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Smilow Center for Marfan Syndrome Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Science Translational Medicine
|May 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Myofibroblast-derived integrin αvβ1 is a key factor in activating transforming growth factor-β. This finding is crucial for understanding and potentially treating tissue fibrosis.

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Author Spotlight: Development of a Method for Identifying Small Molecular Antagonists of β2 Integrin Activation
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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Tissue fibrosis is a significant health concern characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition.
  • Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a central mediator in the development of fibrosis.
  • Myofibroblasts are key effector cells in fibrotic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of myofibroblast-derived integrin αvβ1 in the activation of TGF-β.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking integrin αvβ1 to TGF-β signaling in fibrosis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized experimental models of tissue fibrosis.
  • Investigated the expression and function of integrin αvβ1 in myofibroblasts.
  • Assessed the impact of integrin αvβ1 on TGF-β activation.

Main Results:

  • Myofibroblast-derived integrin αvβ1 was identified as a critical mediator.
  • Demonstrated a direct link between integrin αvβ1 and transforming growth factor-β activation.
  • Findings were established in relevant experimental models of tissue fibrosis.

Conclusions:

  • Integrin αvβ1 plays a pivotal role in TGF-β activation during fibrosis.
  • Targeting myofibroblast integrin αvβ1 may offer a therapeutic strategy for fibrotic diseases.