Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Microtubule Instability02:17

Microtubule Instability

6.5K
Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated...
6.5K
Microtubule Instability02:17

Microtubule Instability

6.3K
6.3K
Destabilization of Microtubules01:45

Destabilization of Microtubules

3.9K
The destabilization of microtubules can occur during different stages of the microtubule lifecycle, such as nucleation or elongation. It can take place at either end of the microtubule or in the microtubule lattices as a whole. The lifespan of individual microtubules within a cell varies according to the cell type and stage of the cell cycle. During interphase, the lifespan of the microtubule is about 30 minutes, while during cell division, it is about 15 minutes. In axonal microtubules of...
3.9K
Microtubules in Cell Motility01:24

Microtubules in Cell Motility

5.1K
Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
5.1K
Microtubules in Cell Motility01:24

Microtubules in Cell Motility

1.7K
1.7K
Microtubule Formation01:23

Microtubule Formation

8.2K
Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo continuous assembly and disassembly. They originate from specialized multi-protein complexes known as microtubule organizing centers or MTOCs. Within the MTOC, the point of origin of the microtubule is known as the minus end, while the end radiating outward is the plus end. Microtubules serve two primary functions — the organization of spindle complexes to separate sister chromatids during mitotic or meiotic cell division and the formation...
8.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Essential Role of Integrin-Linked Kinase in Keratinocyte Responses to Mechanical Strain.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Role of Kindlin-2 in Cutaneous Squamous Carcinoma Cell Migration and Proliferation: Implications for Tumour Progression.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

β-arrestin 1 and integrin-linked kinase interact in epidermal keratinocytes and regulate cell motility.

Tissue barriers·2025
Same author

RNA Interference Approaches to Study Epidermal Cell Adhesion.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2025
Same author

Pannexin 1 crosstalk with the Hippo pathway in malignant melanoma.

The FEBS journal·2025
Same author

Pannexin 1 and pannexin 3 differentially regulate the cancer cell properties of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

The Journal of physiology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

In vivo Assessment of Microtubule Dynamics and Orientation in Caenorhabditis elegans Neurons
07:43

In vivo Assessment of Microtubule Dynamics and Orientation in Caenorhabditis elegans Neurons

Published on: November 20, 2021

3.6K

An ELMO2-RhoG-ILK network modulates microtubule dynamics.

Bradley C Jackson1, Iordanka A Ivanova1, Lina Dagnino2

  • 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute, and Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.

Molecular Biology of the Cell
|May 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The ELMO/RhoG/ILK (ERI) complex stabilizes microtubules in differentiated skin cells independently of integrins. This complex regulates cell junctions and maintains epidermal integrity through Rac1 activation.

More Related Videos

High-resolution Imaging and Analysis of Individual Astral Microtubule Dynamics in Budding Yeast
10:23

High-resolution Imaging and Analysis of Individual Astral Microtubule Dynamics in Budding Yeast

Published on: April 20, 2017

10.1K
Directly Measuring Forces Within Reconstituted Active Microtubule Bundles
07:47

Directly Measuring Forces Within Reconstituted Active Microtubule Bundles

Published on: May 10, 2022

2.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 12, 2026

In vivo Assessment of Microtubule Dynamics and Orientation in Caenorhabditis elegans Neurons
07:43

In vivo Assessment of Microtubule Dynamics and Orientation in Caenorhabditis elegans Neurons

Published on: November 20, 2021

3.6K
High-resolution Imaging and Analysis of Individual Astral Microtubule Dynamics in Budding Yeast
10:23

High-resolution Imaging and Analysis of Individual Astral Microtubule Dynamics in Budding Yeast

Published on: April 20, 2017

10.1K
Directly Measuring Forces Within Reconstituted Active Microtubule Bundles
07:47

Directly Measuring Forces Within Reconstituted Active Microtubule Bundles

Published on: May 10, 2022

2.0K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • The ELMO2 protein, a scaffold protein, participates in phagocytosis and cell motility.
  • ERI complexes, formed by ELMO2, ILK, and RhoG, are known to regulate directional migration in epidermal keratinocytes via β1 integrins.
  • Both ELMO2 and ILK have been linked to microtubule regulation at focal adhesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of ERI complexes in differentiated keratinocytes, where integrin expression is lost.
  • To elucidate the integrin-independent mechanisms by which ERI complexes modulate microtubule dynamics.
  • To understand the cellular consequences of ERI complex dysfunction in differentiated keratinocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Inactivation of the Ilk gene to deplete ERI complexes in differentiated keratinocytes.
  • Exogenous expression of ELMO2 or RhoG in the presence or absence of ILK.
  • Analysis of microtubule dynamics, including growth and catastrophe frequencies.
  • Investigation of downstream signaling pathways involving Rac1, stathmin, GSK-3β, and CRMP2.
  • Assessment of Ca(2+)-mediated adherens junction formation.

Main Results:

  • Depletion of ERI complexes significantly reduced microtubule growth and increased catastrophe frequency.
  • Exogenous ELMO2 or RhoG stabilized microtubules only when ILK was present.
  • Rac1 activation downstream of ERI complexes mediated microtubule stabilization.
  • Rac1 modulated microtubule dynamics by phosphorylating and inactivating stathmin and GSK-3β, subsequently affecting CRMP2.
  • Absence of ERI complexes impaired adherens junction formation, impacting epidermal mechanical integrity.

Conclusions:

  • ERI complexes play a crucial role in stabilizing the microtubule network in differentiated keratinocytes independently of integrins.
  • The ERI complex-Rac1-stathmin/GSK-3β/CRMP2 pathway is essential for regulating microtubule dynamics in these cells.
  • ERI complexes are vital for maintaining epidermal integrity by ensuring proper adherens junction formation.