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Effect of thyroid hormones on delayed type hypersensitivity reaction.

A S Chandel, S Chatterjee

    Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
    |May 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary

    Thyroid hormones significantly impact the immune system, enhancing delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions. Hormone deprivation decreases DTH, while supplementation restores normal immune responses.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, including immune function.
    • The influence of thyroid hormones on delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions remains an area of interest.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the long-term effects of thyroid hormone administration and deprivation on the DTH reaction.
    • To assess the impact of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) on DTH response to 2-4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB).

    Main Methods:

    • Animals were pre-treated with thyroid hormones (T3 or T4) before DNCB skin testing.
    • DTH reactions were evaluated in thyroidectomized animals and compared to control and hormone-supplemented groups.
    • Total lymphocyte count (TLC) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) were monitored.

    Main Results:

    • Long-term administration of thyroid hormones significantly increased DTH reactions to DNCB.
    • Thyroidectomy led to a significant decrease in DTH skin reactions.
    • Supplementation of thyroid hormones normalized the DTH response in thyroidectomized animals.
    • TLC and ALC were elevated with hormone treatment and in thyroidectomized animals, with hormone administration restoring depressed counts.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyroid hormones potentiate DTH reactions, indicating a stimulatory role in this type of immune response.
    • Thyroid hormone deficiency impairs DTH, highlighting the necessity of adequate thyroid hormone levels for optimal immune function.
    • Thyroid hormone replacement therapy can restore DTH responses in deficient states.

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