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Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

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γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

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Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
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Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus
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Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus

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Atypical eclampsia and postpartum status epilepticus.

Zeynep Ozcan Dag1, Yuksel Isik1, Yakup Turkel2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey.

The Pan African Medical Journal
|May 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Preeclampsia, a pregnancy complication, can occur postpartum with seizures (eclampsia) even without high blood pressure. Early recognition of atypical preeclampsia cases is vital for maternal and fetal health.

Keywords:
Eclampsiapreeclampsiastatus epilepticus

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, typically presenting after 20 weeks gestation.
  • Eclampsia is defined as the occurrence of seizures in a pregnant woman with preeclampsia.
  • Atypical presentations of preeclampsia and eclampsia, including those without hypertension or proteinuria, are increasingly recognized.

Observation:

  • A 26-year-old woman experienced an uneventful pregnancy until 30 weeks gestation.
  • Laboratory tests revealed proteinuria, but no hypertension.
  • The patient was diagnosed with status epilepticus in the early postpartum period.

Findings:

  • This case highlights a rare presentation of eclampsia without significant hypertension.
  • Proteinuria was the sole laboratory indicator of preeclampsia in this patient.
  • The patient's condition, status epilepticus, manifested postpartum.

Implications:

  • Awareness of atypical preeclampsia and eclampsia presentations is crucial for timely diagnosis.
  • Prompt management of these conditions is essential to prevent severe fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality.
  • Early identification of subtle signs can significantly improve outcomes in high-risk pregnancies.