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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
6.0K
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

4.7K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
4.7K
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

7.2K
After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
7.2K
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

6.6K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
6.6K
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

118
In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
118
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

5.2K
X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
09:15

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering

Published on: August 14, 2018

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Powder to become crystal clear.

Quan Hao1

  • 1Physiology, L04-48 Laboratory Block, University of Hong Kong , 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong.

Iucrj
|May 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Serial crystallography simulations show potential for converting 1D powder diffraction data from multiphase samples into 3D single-crystal diffraction patterns, advancing materials analysis.

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Materials Science
  • Diffraction Physics

Background:

  • Powder diffraction is a common technique for analyzing polycrystalline materials.
  • Analyzing multiphase samples with powder diffraction can be complex due to overlapping diffraction peaks.
  • Single-crystal diffraction provides more detailed structural information but requires single crystals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of transforming one-dimensional powder diffraction data into three-dimensional single-crystal diffraction patterns.
  • To explore the application of serial crystallography principles to multiphase polycrystalline samples.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing computational simulations based on the work of Zhang et al.
  • Applying serial crystallography concepts to analyze simulated one-dimensional diffraction data.
Keywords:
multiphasepolycrystalline samplesserial crystallography

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  • Reconstructing three-dimensional diffraction information from simulated one-dimensional data.

    • Main Results:

    • The simulation demonstrated that serial crystallography can effectively convert one-dimensional powder diffraction patterns into three-dimensional single-crystal diffraction patterns.
    • This approach shows promise for analyzing multiphase polycrystalline samples.

    Conclusions:

    • Serial crystallography offers a potential pathway to obtain detailed structural insights from powder diffraction data.
    • The simulated method could overcome limitations associated with analyzing complex multiphase polycrystalline materials.