Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:28

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

4.2K
Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
4.2K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

21.4K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
21.4K
IUPAC Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids

13.7K
IUPAC names of carboxylic acids are systematically derived following a few rules discussed below.
For acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids, the longest hydrocarbon chain containing the –COOH carbon is identified as the parent chain. Then, the last -e of the parent hydrocarbon name is replaced with a suffix -oic acid.
13.7K
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides01:16

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

6.5K
Naming Acid Halides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.
6.5K
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

4.4K
Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
4.4K
Naming Enantiomers02:21

Naming Enantiomers

28.0K
The naming of enantiomers employs the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog rules that involve assigning priorities to different substituent groups at a chiral center. Each enantiomer, being a distinct molecule, is assigned a unique name by the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) rules, also called the R–S system. The prefix R- or S- attached to the chiral centers in an enantiomer is dependent on the spatial arrangement of the four substituents on the chiral center. The R–S system essentially comprises three...
28.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dinuclear Group 4 Metallocene Catalysts of the Type [(Cp<sub>2</sub>M)<sub>2</sub>(μ-Me)(μ-C<sub>2</sub>R)]: Structure-Activity Relationships in Ethylene Polymerization.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Size-Specific Transport of Colloidal Particles Using Magnetic Fields.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Progressive Chemoselective Reductive Deuteration and Deuterodefluorination of Fluoroalkyl Ketones Using D<sub>2</sub>O.

Organic letters·2026
Same author

C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-F Bond Functionalization of Isoflurane with Complex Phenols for the Synthesis of CF<sub>2</sub>-Based (Deuterated) Aryl Ethers.

Organic letters·2026
Same author

Merging Double Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Stepwise Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer for γ‑C-H Hydrazination of Alcohols.

JACS Au·2026
Same author

Synthesis of Pellet-Based Pd/C Egg-Shell Catalysts for Reversible Hydrogen Storage in Formate/Bicarbonate.

ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
06:46

Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

Published on: June 21, 2017

8.0K

Crystal structure of (E)-hex-2-enoic acid.

Tim Peppel1, Marcel Sonneck1, Anke Spannenberg1

  • 1Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic Communications
|May 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The crystal structure of (E)-hex-2-enoic acid reveals carboxylic acid dimers linked by hydrogen bonds, forming layered structures. The molecule

Keywords:
crystal structuredimerhydrogen bondunsaturated carb­oxy­lic acid

More Related Videos

Enzymatic Synthesis of Epoxidized Metabolites of Docosahexaenoic, Eicosapentaenoic, and Arachidonic Acids
13:05

Enzymatic Synthesis of Epoxidized Metabolites of Docosahexaenoic, Eicosapentaenoic, and Arachidonic Acids

Published on: June 28, 2019

8.9K
Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
06:52

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

Published on: October 30, 2018

38.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
06:46

Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

Published on: June 21, 2017

8.0K
Enzymatic Synthesis of Epoxidized Metabolites of Docosahexaenoic, Eicosapentaenoic, and Arachidonic Acids
13:05

Enzymatic Synthesis of Epoxidized Metabolites of Docosahexaenoic, Eicosapentaenoic, and Arachidonic Acids

Published on: June 28, 2019

8.9K
Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
06:52

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

Published on: October 30, 2018

38.3K

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Molecular Structure

Background:

  • Understanding the molecular arrangement of organic acids is crucial in chemistry.
  • Carboxylic acids exhibit diverse hydrogen bonding patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the crystal structure of (E)-hex-2-enoic acid.
  • To analyze the hydrogen bonding and molecular packing.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed.
  • Analysis of intermolecular interactions and molecular geometry.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure features carboxylic acid inversion dimers.
  • These dimers are connected by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming layers.
  • The (E)-hex-2-enoic acid molecule exhibits a near-planar conformation.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the self-assembly of (E)-hex-2-enoic acid in the solid state.
  • The observed crystal packing is driven by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces.