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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

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Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable...
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Viruses of Archaea01:29

Viruses of Archaea

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Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...
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Hepatitis01:25

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

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Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
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Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
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Aichi virus 1: environmental occurrence and behavior.

Masaaki Kitajima1, Charles P Gerba2

  • 1Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, 1117 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. kitajima@smart.mit.edu.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aichi virus 1 (AiV-1) is frequently found in the environment, suggesting its potential as an indicator for viral contamination in water. Further research is needed to understand its health risks.

Keywords:
AichiviruskobuvirusoccurrenceqPCRsurface waterswastewater treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Virology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Aichi virus 1 (AiV-1), a Kobuvirus, is linked to human gastroenteritis and fecal-oral transmission.
  • AiV-1 is globally prevalent, detected in sewage, water, and shellfish, often more frequently than other enteric viruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the potential of AiV-1 as an environmental indicator for viral contamination.
  • To highlight the need for further research into AiV-1's epidemiology and health risks.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing environmental studies on AiV-1 occurrence.
  • Analysis of AiV-1 prevalence and abundance compared to other enteric viruses.

Main Results:

  • AiV-1 shows high prevalence and abundance in various environmental water samples.
  • Its detection frequency surpasses that of other common human enteric viruses in the environment.

Conclusions:

  • AiV-1's characteristics suggest its utility as a reliable indicator of viral contamination in aquatic environments.
  • Comprehensive epidemiological and environmental fate studies are crucial for understanding AiV-1's transmission and human health implications.