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Antimony-doped graphene nanoplatelets.

In-Yup Jeon1, Min Choi2, Hyun-Jung Choi1

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Semimetal antimony doping into graphene nanoplatelets creates stable, metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction. This cost-effective method offers a promising alternative for commercial demands.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Heteroatom doping in graphitic frameworks is key for metal-free electrocatalysts.
  • Current limitations include restricted heteroatom choices and insufficient cost-effectiveness and stability for commercial use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a stable and cost-effective metal-free electrocatalyst using semimetal doping.
  • To investigate antimony (Sb) doping in graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) for enhanced electrocatalytic activity and stability.

Main Methods:

  • A simple mechanochemical reaction between pristine graphite and solid Sb was employed for doping.
  • Atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to visualize Sb-carbon covalent bonding.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to understand the stability mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Antimony (Sb) was successfully doped onto the edges of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs).
  • Sb-doped GnPs exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction with no loss of performance after 100,000 cycles.
  • Multiple oxidation states of Sb (Sb(3+) and Sb(5+)) were identified as crucial for the observed electrochemical stability.

Conclusions:

  • Sb-doped GnPs represent a novel, highly stable, and metal-free electrocatalyst.
  • The mechanochemical doping approach offers a practical and potentially scalable method for catalyst preparation.
  • This work provides new insights for designing advanced carbon-based electrocatalysts meeting commercial demands.