Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

5.6K
The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
5.6K
Meiosis II02:02

Meiosis II

51.8K
Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
51.8K
Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

210.9K
Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each...
210.9K
Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

900
Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
900
Urea Cycle01:23

Urea Cycle

52.4K
The urea cycle describes how liver cells convert ammonia to urea. Ammonia is a toxic waste product of protein catabolism. Land animals must convert ammonia into the less toxic urea which can be safely eliminated by the kidneys through urine. Marine animals excrete ammonia directly, and the surrounding water dilutes the ammonia to safe levels.
52.4K
Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions01:14

Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions

5.6K
Phase II reactions are essential for the detoxification and elimination of drugs from the body. These reactions involve the conjugation of parent drugs or their phase I metabolites with endogenous molecules, resulting in more hydrophilic drug conjugates. The primary conjugation reactions in this phase are sulfation and glucuronidation. Both sulfation and glucuronidation typically produce biologically inactive metabolites. However, in some cases involving prodrugs, active metabolites may be...
5.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Molecular anatomy of PLK1 master docking motifs.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Molecular basis of cooperative assembly of the Ndc80-Ska kinetochore complex on microtubules.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Ancient co-option of LTR retrotransposons as yeast centromeres.

Nature·2026
Same author

M18BP1 valency and a distributed interaction footprint determine epigenetic centromere specification in humans.

The EMBO journal·2026
Same author

Molecular requirements for PLK1 activation by T-loop phosphorylation.

The EMBO journal·2026
Same author

CUL4A-DDB1-DCAF10 is an N-recognin for N-terminally acetylated Src kinases.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Non-canonical amino acid incorporation enables minimally disruptive labeling of stress granule and TDP-43 proteinopathy.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Analysis of dendritic input currents during place field dynamics.

eLife·2026
Same journal

TopoMetry systematically learns and evaluates the latent geometry of single-cell data.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Navigating the path: Advice to physician-scientists on choosing a clinical specialty.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Neural activity profiles reveal overlapping, intermingled subpopulations spanning area borders in mouse sensorimotor cortex.

eLife·2026
Same journal

The exquisite mechanics of a tsetse bite.

eLife·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Use of the Pyrimidine Analog, 5-Iodo-2′-Deoxyuridine IdU with Cell Cycle Markers to Establish Cell Cycle Phases in a Mass Cytometry Platform
08:37

Use of the Pyrimidine Analog, 5-Iodo-2′-Deoxyuridine IdU with Cell Cycle Markers to Establish Cell Cycle Phases in a Mass Cytometry Platform

Published on: October 22, 2021

3.5K

Closing the Mad2 cycle.

Andrea Musacchio1

  • 1Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany and the Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.

Elife
|May 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protein activity regulates chromosome separation during cell division. This process involves a unique topological conversion critical for accurate cell replication.

Keywords:
AAA+ ATPaseC. elegansHORMA domain proteinMad2biochemistrybiophysicscheckpoint proteinsmousespindle assembly checkpointstructural biology

More Related Videos

Amide Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange & MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Pak2 Activation
07:15

Amide Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange & MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Pak2 Activation

Published on: November 26, 2011

18.2K
Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
12:02

Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols

Published on: June 6, 2017

28.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Use of the Pyrimidine Analog, 5-Iodo-2′-Deoxyuridine IdU with Cell Cycle Markers to Establish Cell Cycle Phases in a Mass Cytometry Platform
08:37

Use of the Pyrimidine Analog, 5-Iodo-2′-Deoxyuridine IdU with Cell Cycle Markers to Establish Cell Cycle Phases in a Mass Cytometry Platform

Published on: October 22, 2021

3.5K
Amide Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange & MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Pak2 Activation
07:15

Amide Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange & MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Pak2 Activation

Published on: November 26, 2011

18.2K
Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
12:02

Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols

Published on: June 6, 2017

28.8K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Accurate chromosome segregation is essential for cell division and preventing aneuploidy.
  • The cell cycle control of chromosome separation involves complex protein dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism of a key protein's topological conversion during chromosome separation.
  • To understand how this protein's unique cycle regulates cell division.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced microscopy techniques to observe protein dynamics in real-time.
  • Employed biochemical assays to analyze protein structure and function during topological conversion.

Main Results:

  • Identified a novel topological conversion mechanism for a critical cell division protein.
  • Demonstrated that this conversion is tightly regulated by the cell cycle.

Conclusions:

  • The unusual topological conversion of this protein is a key regulatory step in chromosome separation.
  • Understanding this mechanism provides insights into maintaining genomic stability.