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Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
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Fluorescence-based Measurement of Store-operated Calcium Entry in Live Cells: from Cultured Cancer Cell to Skeletal Muscle Fiber
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Store-operated calcium entry: Mechanisms and modulation.

Patrick G Hogan1, Anjana Rao1

  • 1La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|May 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Store-operated calcium entry, regulated by STIM and ORAI proteins, is crucial for cellular calcium balance. This review covers their discovery, biological roles, and impact on human diseases.

Keywords:
CRAC currentCalcium channelORAI1STIM1Store-operated calcium entry

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is a fundamental process for cellular calcium homeostasis.
  • Dysregulation of SOCE is implicated in various human diseases.
  • STIM and ORAI proteins are key regulators of SOCE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical progression of research in store-operated calcium entry.
  • To highlight the discovery and significance of STIM and ORAI proteins.
  • To elucidate the role of STIM-ORAI signaling in biological functions and diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical and current research.
  • Analysis of studies on STIM and ORAI protein functions.
  • Synthesis of data on STIM-ORAI signaling mechanisms and modulation.

Main Results:

  • The discovery of STIM and ORAI proteins revolutionized the understanding of SOCE.
  • STIM-ORAI signaling is essential for diverse cellular processes.
  • Aberrant STIM-ORAI activity contributes to numerous pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • STIM and ORAI are indispensable for cellular calcium signaling.
  • Understanding STIM-ORAI modulation offers therapeutic potential for diseases.
  • Continued research is vital for fully deciphering STIM-ORAI pathways.