Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...

Cell Signaling in Plants

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Transcription

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Experimental and theoretical studies on the photochemical transformation of levofloxacin: Environmental factor effects, chiral state, and low-energy barrier pathways.

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety·2026

Same author

Stabilizing Efficient Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells With Amorphous and Asymmetric Hole-Selective Contacts.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

Same author

Development and validation of a cardiometabolic multimorbidity prediction model in middle-aged and older adults.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Regio- and diastereoselective 1,2-hydroalkylation of 1,3-enynes <i>via</i> dual photoredox/Ti catalysis.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2026

Same author

Notch signaling in the tumor microenvironment: recent advances and targeted therapeutics.

Molecular cancer·2026

Same author

Metal surface-triggered DNAzyme catalysis for efficient DNA cleavage.

Communications chemistry·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification TRAP to Investigate Arabidopsis thaliana Root Development at a Cell Type-Specific Scale

Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification TRAP to Investigate Arabidopsis thaliana Root Development at a Cell Type-Specific Scale

Published on: May 14, 2020

The Arabidopsis thaliana elongator complex subunit 2 epigenetically affects root development.

Yuebin Jia¹, Huiyu Tian¹, Hongjiang Li²

¹The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.

Journal of Experimental Botany

|May 23, 2015

Summary

The elongator complex subunit 2 (ELP2) protein impacts Arabidopsis root development by altering stem cell differentiation and gene expression. ELP2 influences key transcription factors and auxin transport, suggesting epigenetic regulation of root growth.

Keywords:

Auxin ELP2 epigenetics root.

More Related Videos

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize

Published on: January 14, 2016

Long-term, High-resolution Confocal Time Lapse Imaging of Arabidopsis Cotyledon Epidermis during Germination

Long-term, High-resolution Confocal Time Lapse Imaging of Arabidopsis Cotyledon Epidermis during Germination

Published on: December 31, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification TRAP to Investigate Arabidopsis thaliana Root Development at a Cell Type-Specific Scale

Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification TRAP to Investigate Arabidopsis thaliana Root Development at a Cell Type-Specific Scale

Published on: May 14, 2020

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize

Published on: January 14, 2016

Long-term, High-resolution Confocal Time Lapse Imaging of Arabidopsis Cotyledon Epidermis during Germination

Long-term, High-resolution Confocal Time Lapse Imaging of Arabidopsis Cotyledon Epidermis during Germination

Published on: December 31, 2012

Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Developmental Biology
Epigenetics

Background:

The elongator complex subunit 2 (ELP2) is a conserved protein involved in various plant processes, including leaf patterning and stress responses.
Its specific role in root development, particularly concerning stem cell maintenance and differentiation, remained largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the function of ELP2 in regulating root development in Arabidopsis thaliana.
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying ELP2's influence on root stem cell activity and differentiation.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of elp2 mutants and wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana.
Quantitative analysis of root stem cell differentiation and quiescent center (QC) activity.
Gene expression analysis of key developmental regulators (PLT1, PLT2, SCR, SHR, WOX5, CYCB1) and auxin efflux transporters (PIN1, PIN2).
Assessment of epigenetic modifications (acetylation, methylation) in target genes.

Main Results:

The elp2 mutant displayed accelerated root stem cell differentiation and increased QC cell division.
Key stem cell identity transcription factors (PLT1, PLT2, SCR, SHR, WOX5) were downregulated in the elp2 mutant.
Expression of the cell cycle activator CYCB1 was induced, and auxin efflux transporters PIN1 and PIN2 showed reduced protein levels.
Epigenetic differences in acetylation and methylation were observed for several regulated genes in the elp2 mutant.

Conclusions:

ELP2 plays a crucial role in regulating root stem cell differentiation and maintaining root tip architecture in Arabidopsis.
ELP2's function in root development is mediated through the epigenetic regulation of essential transcription factors and auxin transport pathways.
These findings highlight the importance of epigenetic modifications in coordinating plant root development.