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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Related Experiment Video

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Environmental Basis of Autoimmunity.

Annarosa Floreani1, Patrick S C Leung2, M Eric Gershwin3

  • 1Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padova, Italy. annarosa.floreani@unipd.it.

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|May 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Environmental factors like infections and gut microbiota can trigger autoimmunity. While mechanisms like molecular mimicry are studied, the exact role of environmental factors in autoimmune disease pathogenesis remains unclear.

Keywords:
AutoimmunityChemicalsEnvironmental factorsInfectionsMicrobiotaPollutionSolvents

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Autoimmunity arises from genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and immune regulation.
  • Environmental factors are increasingly recognized for their role in initiating and sustaining autoimmune conditions.
  • Evidence spans epidemiological, laboratory, and animal studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key mechanisms underlying autoimmunity.
  • To explore the influence of environmental factors, including infections and gut microbiota, on autoimmune diseases.
  • To highlight the interaction between gut microbiota, pharmaceutical agents, and organ-specific autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological, laboratory, and animal studies.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms of autoimmunity induction and perpetuation.
  • Focus on environmental triggers such as infections and gut microbiota.

Main Results:

  • Common themes in autoimmunity include genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and immune regulation.
  • Infections, gut microbiota, and environmental agents are implicated in triggering autoimmunity.
  • Mechanisms include molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, bystander activation, and innate immunity activation.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental factors play a significant role in autoimmunity.
  • The gut microbiota's interaction with pharmaceuticals can lead to organ-specific autoimmunity.
  • The precise mechanisms by which environmental factors influence autoimmune disease pathogenesis require further elucidation.