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Virtues, ecological momentary assessment/intervention and smartphone technology.

Jason D Runyan1, Ellen G Steinke1

  • 1Psychology Department, Indiana Wesleyan University Marion, IN, USA.

Frontiers in Psychology
|May 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This review argues that ecological momentary assessment (EMA) using smartphones can overcome limitations in studying virtues. This technology offers new ways to understand and promote virtue development in everyday life.

Keywords:
automaticitycharacter traitsdispositionsexperience samplinghabitsmindfulnessself-awarenessvirtues

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Moral Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Virtues, defined as stable dispositions, are increasingly studied in psychology.
  • Situational influences on behavior challenge the concept of stable virtues.
  • Current research methods may be insufficient to assess dispositional stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the limitations of prevailing methods in testing virtue stability.
  • To propose ecological momentary assessment (EMA) as a robust method for studying virtues.
  • To explore the potential of smartphone technology for virtue research and development.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing existing literature on situational influences and virtue research.
  • Advocating for repeated, cross-situational assessments via EMA (experience sampling).
  • Examining the utility of smartphone apps for EMA and ecological momentary intervention (EMI).

Main Results:

  • Prevailing methods have limitations in assessing dispositional stability.
  • EMA, particularly via smartphones, offers a more robust approach to studying virtues.
  • Smartphones enable novel methods for ecological momentary assessment and intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Smartphone technology enhances EMA and EMI, making them more robust psychological tools.
  • This technology opens new avenues for studying and promoting virtues in non-clinical populations.
  • EMA/I via smartphones can facilitate virtue development by influencing daily thoughts and behaviors.